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Testimonies
Holocaust Survivor Testimonies
Grete Stern – Austria
Klara Tixell – Denmark
Walter Frankenstein – Germany
László Keller - Hungary
Susanna Christensen – Hungary
Tobias Iafetas – Lithuania
Halina Elczewska – Poland
Jakob Ringart – Poland
Holocaust Survivor Testimonies
Janina Bauman – Poland
Oskar Tojzner – Poland/Ukraine
Lea Gleitman – Poland
Livia Fränkel – Romania/Hungary
Vasile Nussbaum – Romania/Hungary
Max Safir – Poland
All Holocaust Survivor Testimonies
Students ask Questions
Walter Frankenstein
Susanna Christensen
Jakob Ringart
Lea Gleitman
Livia Fränkel
Vasile Nussbaum
All testimonies
Romani Genocide Testimonies
Reinhard Florian – Germany
Wellesina McCrary – Germany/Poland
Petre Pandelică – Romania
All Romani Genocide Testimonies
Jakob Ringart
My Childhood 1925-1938
Life Changes 1938-1940
Confined to the Ghetto 1940-1944
In Different Camps 1944-1945
End of War and Postwar Experience
Photos and Documents
Livia Fränkel
My Childhood 1927-1939
Life Changes 1939-1944
Confined to the Ghetto 1944
In Different Camps 1944-1945
Liberated 1945
Photos and Documents
Lea Gleitman
My Childhood 1924-1937
Life Changes 1938-1939
Confined to the Ghetto 1940-1943
In Different Camps 1943-1945
End of War and the Time After 1945
Photos and Documents
Susanna Christensen
My Childhood 1933-1944
Life Changes 1944
Confined to the Ghetto 1944
In Different Camps 1944-1945
Liberated 1945
Photos and Documents
Walter Frankenstein
My Childhood 1924-1936
Life Changes 1936-1939
Stuck in Germany 1940-1943
From Hiding Place to Hiding Place 1943-1945
End of War 1945 and the Journey to Sweden
Photos and Documents
Klara Tixell
My Childhood 1929-1938
Life Changes 1938-1943
The Deportation 1943
In Different Camps 1943-1945
Liberated 1945
Photos and Documents
Oskar Tojzner
My Childhood 1923-1939
Life Changes 1939-1940
The Escape Eastward 1941-1945
Returning Home 1945
In the Gulag 1950-1953
Photos and Documents
Vasile Nussbaum
My Childhood 1929-1939
Life Changes 1940-1944
Confined to the Ghetto 1944
In Different Camps 1944-1945
Liberated 1945
Photos and Documents
László Keller
My Childhood 1918-1936
Life Changes 1936-1944
Confined to the Ghetto 1944
Forced Labour 1944
End of War 1945 and Postwar Experience
Photos and Documents
Halina Elczewska
My Childhood 1919-1938
Life Changes 1939-1940
Confined to the Ghetto 1940-1944
In Different Camps 1944-1945
End of War 1945 and Postwar Experience
Photos and Documents
Janina Bauman
My Childhood 1926-1939
Life Changes 1939-1940
Confined to the Ghetto 1940-1942
In Hiding 1942-1945
End of War 1945 and Postwar Experience
Tobias Iafetas
My Childhood 1930-1939
Life Changes 1939-1941
Confined to the Ghetto 1941-1944
In Hiding 1944
Postwar Experiences 1944-1995
Photos and Documents
Grete Stern
My Childhood 1920-1938
Life Changes 1938
Confined to the Ghetto 1941-1944
In Different Camps 1944-1945
End of War 1945 and Postwar Experiences
Photos and Documents
Tamara Nussbaum
My Childhood 1926–1939
Life Changes 1939-1941
Confined to the Ghetto 1941-1943
Time in the Camps 1943-1945
Liberation and Postwar Experiences 1945
Photos and Documents
Max Safir
My Childhood 1925–1938
Life Changes 1938-1940
Confined to the Ghetto 1941-1942
Time in the Camps 1942-1945
Liberation and Postwar Experiences 1945
Photos and Documents
Reinhard Florian
Biography
Romani People in Nazi Germany
Wellesina McCrary
Romani People in Germany and Poland
Petre Pandelică
Biography
Romani People in Romania
Questions and Answers
Students Ask Questions
Walter Frankenstein
Susanna Christensen
Jakob Ringart
Lea Gleitman
Livia Fränkel
Vasile Nussbaum
For the Classroom
Exercises
1. Jewish Life in Europe Before WWII
2. Nazi Ideology
3. Exclusion | Persecution | Genocide
Exercises
4. Reactions | Resistance | Rescue Actions
5. Can We Learn From the Holocaust?
Introductory Articles
The Holocaust
The Romani Genocide
Other Persecuted Groups
Collections
Glossary
Photos and Documents
Search the Website
Exercises
1 Jewish Life in Europe Before WWII
2.1 Totalitarianism
2.2 Racial Hygiene
2.3 Propaganda
2.4 Antisemitism
3.1 The Nazis Come to Power
3.2 Life Changes for the Jews in Germany
3.3 Ghettos
3.4 Mass Shootings and Camps
3.5 Guilt, Responsibility and Punishment
4.1 Newspapers' Report on the November Pogrom
4.2 Refugee Politics in Europe
4.3 Dare to Say NO
4.4 Resistance
4.5 Rescuers
5.1 Attempts to Prevent Genocide
5.2 Prejudice, Racism and Hatred Today
Lessons
Students 14-16 years
Students 16-17 years
Introductory Articles
The Holocaust
The Romani Genocide
Other Persecuted Groups
Other Persecuted Groups
Collections
Glossary
Photos and Documents
Teachers' Guide
nomadic-roma
A photographer with a group of nomadic Roma. This photograph was probably taken in Czechoslovakia, 1939.
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Page List Europe’s Romani Minorities
nomadic-roma
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